They are
Fragments
Run-Ons and
Comma Splices
Fragments
A complete sentence must have a subject and a verb and must express a complete thought.
More Fragments
Because you are such delightful students, . . . . . . . . .
After you have finished writing your essay, . . . . . . .
Although there is a raging mad bull elephant in the hallway, . . . .
To repair a fragment, you need to add words or combine it with a complete sentence nearby.
Run-On Sentences
Tom read the novel his friend saw the movie.
I am sleepy I have to stay awake in Ms. Dorsey's class.
[Two or more sentences are shoved together with
nothing in between them.]
To repair them, you could add a period and capitalization.
To repair them, you could use a semicolon between the two complete thoughts.
To repair them, you could use a comma plus a conjunction.
Comma Splices
[Two or more sentences are shoved together with
nothing in between them but a comma. A comma is not strong enough on its own to join two complete sentence. ]
To repair them, you could add a period and capitalization.
To repair them, you could use a semicolon to replace the comma.
To repair them, you could replace the lone comma with a comma plus a conjunction.
