The apostrophe has three uses:
- to form possessives of nouns
- to show the omission of letters
- to indicate certain plurals of lowercase letters
Forming Possessives of Nouns
To see if you need to make a possessive, turn the phrase around and make it an "of the..." phrase. For example:the boy's hat = the hat of the boyIf the noun after "of" is a building, an object, or a piece of furniture, then no apostrophe is needed!
three days' journey = journey of three days
room of the hotel = hotel roomOnce you've determined whether you need to make a possessive, follow these rules to create one.
door of the car = car door
leg of the table = table leg
- add 's to the singular form of the word (even if it ends in -s):
the owner's car
James's hat (James' hat is also acceptable. For plural, proper nouns that are possessive, use an apostrophe after the 's': "The Eggles' presentation was good." The Eggles are a husband and wife consultant team.) - add 's to the plural forms that do not end in -s:
the children's game
the geese's honking - add ' to the end of plural nouns that end in -s:
two cats' toys
three friends' letters
the countries' laws - add 's to the end of compound words:
my brother-in-law's money
- add 's to the last noun to show joint possession of an object:
Todd and Anne's apartment
from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/621/01/
Extra credit opportunity: Find apostrophes used correctly in published text -- newspapers, magazines, etc. circle the words, and bring me the original or a copy.
_________________________________________See also a crib sheet for apostrophe usage at http://www.istad.org/apostrophes/cribsheet.html
And here's another helpful review -- with funny pictures: http://www.squidoo.com/apostrophe
And some apostrophe errors: http://www.recordonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061002/NEWS/610020321/-1/NEWS0206
and Help with Apostrophes
______________________
Exception to the Rule (Compound Nouns) from http://www.grammar-monster.com/lessons/apostrophes_show_possession.htm
Here is another quirk. Some compound nouns (e.g., sister-in-law) do not form their plurals by adding s to the end. The s is appended to the principal word (i.e., the plural is sisters-in-law). With a noun like this, the possessive form is created by adding 's to the end, regardless of whether it is singular or plural.
Singular | Plural |
sister-in-law's pond colonel-in-chief's arrival maid of honour's bouquet |
sisters-in-law's husbands colonels-in-chief's meeting maids of honour's dresses |
Cool video about apostrophe use: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fE0IBPtbY2o
___________________________________________________________________
Find this at http://www.angryflower.com/aposter.html |